Control.Effect.Fail

When a value is bound in do-notation, the pattern on the left hand side of <- might not match. In this case, this class provides a function to recover.

A Monad without a MonadFail instance may only be used in conjunction with pattern that always match, such as newtypes, tuples, data types with only a single data constructor, and irrefutable patterns (~pat).

Instances of MonadFail should satisfy the following law: fail s should be a left zero for >>=,

fail s >>= f  =  fail s

If your Monad is also MonadPlus, a popular definition is

fail _ = mzero

fail s should be an action that runs in the monad itself, not an exception (except in instances of MonadIO). In particular, fail should not be implemented in terms of error.

The class of carriers (results) for algebras (effect handlers) over signatures (effects), whose actions are given by the alg method.

m is a carrier for sig containing eff.

Note that if eff is a sum, it will be decomposed into multiple Member constraints. While this technically allows one to combine multiple unrelated effects into a single Has constraint, doing so has two significant drawbacks:

1. Due to a problem with recursive type families, this can lead to significantly slower compiles.

2. It defeats ghc’s warnings for redundant constraints, and thus can lead to a proliferation of redundant constraints as code is changed.

Run an action exhausted of effects to produce its final result value.